How does Geography Affect Foreign Policy?

How does geographics Affect Foreign polity?Plays geographics a rattling role in world-wide relations? Is geography only refers to oceans, lands, animals, plants, gloriole or more else? It has been a relation between geography and the historic progress of the states? These were close to of the questions that came to my mind during the research. The purpose of this essay is to analyze which is the race between geography and International Relations, in order to achieve this rebrinyder I focus on certain time periods to understand its relationship. First, I will start to explain the key concepts that I will usage in this paper these concepts are geography and International Relations. International Relations is the study of t send awayer interactions through national borders and the factors that affect those interactions. As wholeness of those factors that affect mans interactions, are geographical factors. When we refers to Geography, it means the study between the domain and its characteristics and is divided into two main branches-Human geography and Physical geography. Geography non only means lands, oceans, animals, plants, it as well refers to population, settlements, kindly traditions, human migration, economic activities and so forth During many years those geographical features have impacted on internationalist actions. Geography has been an intrinsic tool for examining International Relations. It has been take oned and tested as a tool of politics for centuries. During the prehistory, the cultures settlements were based on geographic areas that allowed them to develop sustainable economies such as rivers valleys, which were lands very fertile and provided them to develop enjoy and communications, If the geographic space resulted insufficient for their survival, they conquered other territories and annexed them to the original one, or also they could lose it by the action of other cultures motivated by the same causes. Moreless geogr aphy was deeply important in understanding the first forms of social disposal and its interactions with other civilizations. During Ancient area, philosophers such as Hippocrates, Hecateus, Parmenides, and Aristotle focused on the effects of climate on mans political culture. They believed different climates created differences in civilizations and in the military characteristics of nations, for example, the more extreme the temperature differences, the more warlike the society. 1 magical spell in the 19th century some scholars especially in German schools but also American schools started to explain the dynamic complexity of human geography. Its proponents felt that the political boundaries and political structures which existed in the world were the product of lifelike laws. Thus, international relations were thought to be subject to and the product of the cognitive process of these laws 2. They created a science to explain the relationship of geographical features and politics called Geopolitik ( German). A pioneer of this theory was Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1905) who said that the geographical features and natural conditions and especially those macroscopic spaces play a important role in states and individuals life, and the society depends in the grease they live and it is determined by natural laws. Also Friedrich Ratzel shake the theory of the living space (Lebensraum) which is the territory supposedly that requires an state to rule its survival and self-sufficiency. This was the major political brain of Adolf Hitler during World warfare and an essential element of the Nazi ideology. It means to have extra space for the welfare and growth of the population and to achieve a superior country this idea was basically a motivation for the expansionist policies of Germany. During the Mid-20th century, geographers like Rudolf Kjelln, Sir Halford Mackinder and Karl Haushofer pointed out the mould of geographical factors on the relations of the power un its in the international system. This uncorrupted theory had a significant impact on shaping form _or_ system of government from Imperial British strategy to U.S. heatless War strategy. An example of this holy theory was the term of heartland, introduced by Sir Halford Mackinder (1861-1947) which explained some conflicts of the period World War II and Cold war. Mackinders notion of geopolitics can be summed up in his saying Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland, Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island Who rules the World-Island commands the world 3 The World Island, in turn, is a single slab of land whose all corners can be reached with wide and reliable transport. The railroads and the combustion engine would allow very rapid and even so more in force(p) transportation, that could now surpass the mobility of sea power, tipping the scales in prefer of land power. The World Island also contains more population and more of the resources a modern (at the time) parsimoniousness needs. 4 this world island was considered Eurasia, which include the continents of Europe and Asia.Therefore, Cold War was a conflict enough to present a echt evidence of the heartland theory. At that time, Soviet Union was the one who was ruling the heartland, it controlled east Europe and as a result was in a military post of threat or influence around the whole world. Also in there were located the major oil resources, a key resources of that period to develop military power, and as I said before, the world island was reached with frank and reliable transport, but they need sufficient oil resources to develop an efficient transportation. As result British foreign policy and USA foreign policy was toward this major potential threats. Therefore its main objective during this period was lo limit the expansion and influence of the Soviet Union.Finally, the end of communism, post-communist states started to develop its economy and created stables institutions. Th is region became one of the most powerful economies some scholars began to analyze its political and economic results and considered that the geographical proximity to the West has exercised a positive influence on the transformation 5 of this powerful community. Geography was a tool in the EU decision-making process. Currently geography stills playacting an important role on international relations. In the 21th century International Relations have facing other issues, making that some geographical factors lose their relevance. Topography, climate, and natural resources affect political outcomes during the first decades. During the 19th territory was a key element but with globalization territorys view has changed. Now, radical theories have tried to give explanation, to subjects like the Iraq War, the emerging markets of China and India, the nuclear issues of Iran and North Korea, the different allegiance of regions APEC, ASEAN, MERCOSUR, the conflict between Israel-Palestine, th e oil reserves, climatic Change, the water supplying among others. Geography shapes states attitudes and constraints political decisions. Currently Foreign Policy has been influence by geographical features like human immigration, population growth, economy activities, food security, water and energy supply, environmental issues.My conclusion is that every nations geography affects its view of itself and it s view of the world. This essay tests that geography gives insights into the political dynamics. Geography is a permanent feature that has impact on human interactions. all(prenominal) period of time has been influenced in different ways by geographical factors. We cannot exclude geography to understand internationals relations, modern geography is not endless only physical aspect it is also about human organization of the earth surface, and there is still more situations left that can explain the relationship of geography and international relations and its important role in t his field.