Measuring Viscosity :: Papers

Measuring Viscosity Aim - to determine how the mass of Corn dredge added to 100ml of water affects the viscosity (gooeyness) of the final mixture. Background - Corn flour, when added to water increases its gooeyness of viscosity. Although this value cannot be actually measured, a person can determine a crude value of its viscosity by recording how long an amount of the mixture takes to flow from one receptacle to another. The longer it takes to flow, the more saccharine the mixture. The solution which is created from conflate cornstarch with water is a gelatine. The flour forms a suspension in the water. Gels are created by mixing liquid and solids together to form a jelly-like mixture. A gel is a semi-solid which can move around, but not as freely as a liquid. Within a gel, the solid makes a kind of mesh which traps the liquid and makes it unable to flow as freely as before. Hypothesis - I predict that the higher the mass of Corn flour used, the more viscous the mixture will be because the solution which is created from mixing cornflour with water is a gel. The flour forms a suspension in the water. Gels are created by mixing liquid and solids together to form a jelly-like mixture. A gel is a semi-solid which can move around, but not as freely as a liquid. Within a gel, the solid makes a kind of network which traps the liquid and makes it unable to flow as freely as before. Variables Independent Variables Dependent Variables Temperature Temperature of water Stirring Size of containers Angle to pour liquid at Mass of Corn flour Viscosity of mixture Method 1. Pour 100ml of water (at path temp.) into a 140ml beaker 2. Add 15g of Cornflour to this water, and stir 30 times (1 time is one revolution around the beaker) 3. Have ready a retort live with clamps and another beaker or

Prison Studies Considered Essay -- Essays Papers

Prison Studies ConsideredIn Prison Studies Malcolm X briefly details how, during his incarceration, he embarked on a process of self- gentility that forever changed him and the course of his life. Malcolm writes of his determination to meet to read and write, born out of his envy and emulation of Bimbi, a fellow prisoner. His innate curiosity, sense of pride, and ambition to learn and be someone of substance motivated him to study relentlessly. As he learned more about the world he developed a capital thirst for knowledge that left him with a lifelong desire that only his continued studies could satisfy. He believed that prison offered him the best possible situation in which to cook himself.This idea of Malcolms, that prison was the best situation in which to educate himself bears some examination. He dismisses the idea of going to college as being inferior to the education he received in prison. He speculates that college is perhaps filled with too many distractions (both ideas are found in the last paragraph of his essay, 19). While Malcolm states his argument in a way that is simple, direct and compelling, it is not an argument that is appropriate for every potential student. One would do well to consider Malcolm Xs particular circumstances and his mean audience.As far as his education in prison being superior to one he would receive in college, one should consider wherefore he would think in this way. It is obvious that his education would have put him at about the junior high school level. For a man of his period and race and resources, at the time in which he lived, there were probably very few options available for remedial education. It is remarkable and admirable that Malcolm was invested with the intelligenc... ... distractions. There are, however, a number of disadvantages to prison studies beside the obvious threats to life and limb.The requirements of colleges are intended for a greater purpose than to extract the maximum amount of time and money from the despicable student. The requirements of higher education are intended to provide a wide-ranging and well-balanced view of the world and our place in it. A complete education is intended to provide us with the tools to understand and interpret what we study. A balanced education teaches us the hard-learned lessons of history, the logical methodology of mathematics and philosophy, the transcendent vision of the poet and the artists and the incredulous review of the scientist. While I have great respect, admiration and even affection for Malcolm X, I suspect that even this great man would have benefited from a formal education.

Commentary on Act 1 of the book Translations by Brian Friel :: English Literature

Commentary on Act 1 of the book Translations by Brian FrielThe hypothesis divide of the play Translations tells us in greatperiod active where the play is set. It is set in a hedge-school, whichwas a disused barn or hay-shed. The opening of the play makes us m emeritusthat there ar two means of isolation. The language binds together thecommunity and in this play we will see how differences in languagesplit society. hired hand is teaching Sarah to converse as the play begins. He is being really(prenominal)patient with her and he thinks that it is important to teach her toarticulate, Come on, Sarah. This is our secret. When you see howSarah is finding it hard to speak English it makes you detect that sheis the symbol for Irelands backward position. Jimmy on the other handrepresents the educated civilised tradition of old Ireland. He is a educatee, however Sarah is the opposite. She is a contemporaneous Ireland,as she has no voice to speak out. She has no capacity for taking partin the new world. Sarah just wants to become part of the society.The way hired hand is pushing Sarah to speak, for example, Raise yourhead. Shout it out. Nobodys listening. You feel that Manus does notwant Sarah to be a nobody in the community, so he is helping her. Theway that Sarah acts most Manus makes you feel that she fancies him,Manus hugs Sarah. She smiles in shy, embarrassed pleasure.Jimmy is reading The Odyssey. As he is a scholar he can read books inGreek. He sees himself as a person in the story, Sure look at whatthe same turf-smoke has done to myself This is not very scholarshiplike of Jimmy as he relates the text in a very un-scholar like way tohimself. He also says things that are very sexually orientated, ifyou had a woman like that about the house, its not stripping aturf-bank youd be thinking about-eh? and she cant get her fill ofmen. Jimmy asks Manus whom he would pick out of Athena, Artemis andHelen. All of these people are characters from the book Jimmy is reading. This shows that Jimmy has a very limited view and conceptionof what he is reading. Manus asks Sarah whom he should pick thisshows that he considers her view to be important. The way Jimmy actsin this part of the play makes you feel that he is very intellectual scarcely he is living his life in a book, he feels he is almost aCommentary on Act 1 of the book Translations by Brian Friel English LiteratureCommentary on Act 1 of the book Translations by Brian FrielThe opening paragraph of the play Translations tells us in greatdetail about where the play is set. It is set in a hedge-school, whichwas a disused barn or hay-shed. The opening of the play makes us seethat there are two means of isolation. The language binds together thecommunity and in this play we will see how differences in languagesplit society.Manus is teaching Sarah to speak as the play begins. He is being verypatient with her and he thinks that it is important to teach her toarticulate, Come on, Sarah. This i s our secret. When you see howSarah is finding it hard to speak English it makes you feel that sheis the symbol for Irelands backward position. Jimmy on the other handrepresents the educated civilised tradition of old Ireland. He is ascholar, however Sarah is the opposite. She is a contemporary Ireland,as she has no voice to speak out. She has no capacity for taking partin the modern world. Sarah just wants to become part of the society.The way Manus is pushing Sarah to speak, for example, Raise yourhead. Shout it out. Nobodys listening. You feel that Manus does notwant Sarah to be a nobody in the community, so he is helping her. Theway that Sarah acts around Manus makes you feel that she fancies him,Manus hugs Sarah. She smiles in shy, embarrassed pleasure.Jimmy is reading The Odyssey. As he is a scholar he can read books inGreek. He sees himself as a person in the story, Sure look at whatthe same turf-smoke has done to myself This is not very scholarshiplike of Jimmy as he relates the text in a very un-scholar like way tohimself. He also says things that are very sexually orientated, ifyou had a woman like that about the house, its not stripping aturf-bank youd be thinking about-eh? and she cant get her fill ofmen. Jimmy asks Manus whom he would pick out of Athena, Artemis andHelen. All of these people are characters from the book Jimmy isreading. This shows that Jimmy has a very limited view and conceptionof what he is reading. Manus asks Sarah whom he should pick thisshows that he considers her view to be important. The way Jimmy actsin this part of the play makes you feel that he is very intellectualbut he is living his life in a book, he feels he is almost a

Theories Of Visual Search :: essays research papers

Theories of Visual SearchA standard theory of visual search tasks assumes that when a person searches for a target in an array of other items, memory is used in locating the target. The following analysis of three articles shows that there is both strong support for this highly respected theory and leaven that this theory may have some flaws in reasoning. In the article "Features and Objects in Visual Processing," Anne Treisman states that there ar two theoretical levels of visual processing. In the first level of visual processing, certain components of visual information are processed instantly and unconsciously. A person does not have to concentrate on individual split of the scene. This stage of processing is called the preattentive stage. During the preattentive stage, the light received by the visual receptors is translated in to the lines, curves, colors and textures of the objects. Within the brainpower, there are two distinguishable visual areas that specializ e in different areas of processing. The first area processes lines, curves, color, and texture and other areas deal with movement. After this initial processing occurs, another area of the brain processes the more complex and distinct qualities of a scene. Then, all of the components of the objects in the scene are recombined into whole objects. In order to support the preattentive stage of visual processing, Treisman devises that parts of objects that belong to the same object share similar attributes. Attributes such as color, continuity of lines and curves that define the boundaries between objects. She uses an experiment to determine which properties of a visual stimulant make its boundaries stand out from other similar objects. The properties of an object that make it stand out are used by the visual processing frame in distinguishing the object from ground. In actuality, boundaries are conspicuous between components that are distinctive in basic properties such as color, bri ghtness and line taste but not in the way their properties are connected or grouped. In an experiment showing evidence of this principle, subjects are shown a picture in which a region of Ts easily distinguishes itself from an area of slanted Ts but not from a region of backwards Ls that are constructed of the same geons as the Ts. This illustrates that line orientations are important features in the preattentive stage of visual processing and that the specific configurations or conjunctions of lines are not.

Stress: Unavoidable Necessity :: Essays Papers

Stress Unavoidable NecessityExperiencing stress is a very common sensation. It is easy for every clay to describe its symptoms, but delimit stress itself is more complicated be apparent motion stress requires psychological and medical concepts to give an exact and understandable definition. Stress is a specific response by the body to a stimulus, as fear or pain, that disturbs or interferes with the normal physiological equilibrium. It is a physical, mental, or emotional strain or tension (The New Websters Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language).Scientists started to think, in the late nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries, that diseases are caused by external factors, like bacteria, thanks to the discovery of Rudolph Virchov, a German physician, and Louis Pasteur, a French doctor. However, the mental aspect was totally ignored at this time (Levi 15-16). The study of stress is inseparable from the study of psychology or psychiatry, which were not recognized b efore medicine started to change. Indeed, medicine specialization was born because the tools for examining patients were too sophisticated for any doctors to know how to use all of them. As a burden, heart doctors, eye doctors, ear doctors, etc., appeared (Levi 16). While medicine became more and more efficient because doctors were increasingly qualified in their own skills, scientists started to be sure that in addition to their bodies patients had a mind which could suffer and influence the development of a disease. Psychiatry was born (Levi 16-17). Clearly, science realized that stress could affect the body.Everybody should be aware that a disease could occur because of a mental problem, especially because of stress. This health issue will be discussed by explaining, on the one hand, what can cause stress by taking into account the nervous system, the psychosomatic tendencies, and the modern world. Then, on the other hand, the effects of stress and how the body reacts against i t will be looked at. Finally, few solutions to fighting stress will be presented.Where does stress come from? Most scientists agree that stress is the result of a situation where too many problems or difficulties take place at the same time. For the person who lives in such circumstances, it becomes impossible to suffice and to find any solutions for his or her difficulties. As a result this person feels oppressed by the situation and becomes stressed. Of course, everybody reacts in a different way in the face of unfortunate events, and for many people it is easy to manage stress, which is the normal reaction, without any damage to the body.

Stress: Unavoidable Necessity :: Essays Papers

Stress Unavoidable NecessityExperiencing examine is a very common sensation. It is abstemious for every dust to describe its symptoms, but defining stress itself is more complicated beca economic consumption stress requires psychological and medical concepts to give an exact and understandable definition. Stress is a special response by the body to a stimulus, as fear or pain, that disturbs or interferes with the normal physiological equilibrium. It is a physical, mental, or emotional strain or tension (The New Websters Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language).Scientists started to think, in the late nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries, that diseases are caused by external factors, ilk bacteria, thanks to the discovery of Rudolph Virchov, a German physician, and Louis Pasteur, a French doctor. However, the mental aspect was totally ignored at this time (Levi 15-16). The study of stress is inseparable from the study of psychology or psychiatry, which were not recognized before medicine started to change. Indeed, medicine specialization was born because the tools for examining patients were too sophisticated for any doctors to know how to use all of them. As a result, heart doctors, eye doctors, ear doctors, etc., appeared (Levi 16). While medicine became more and more efficient because doctors were increasingly qualified in their deliver skills, scientists started to be aware that in addition to their bodies patients had a mind which could suffer and influence the development of a disease. Psychiatry was born (Levi 16-17). Clearly, science realized that stress could affect the body.Everybody should be aware that a disease could occur because of a mental problem, especially because of stress. This health issue will be discussed by explaining, on the one hand, what can cause stress by taking into account the nervous system, the psychosomatic tendencies, and the modern world. Then, on the other hand, the effects of stress and how the body reacts against it will be looked at. Finally, some solutions to fighting stress will be presented.Where does stress come from? Most scientists agree that stress is the result of a piazza where too some problems or difficulties take place at the same time. For the person who lives in such circumstances, it becomes impossible to manage and to find any solutions for his or her difficulties. As a result this person feels oppressed by the situation and becomes stressed. Of course, everybody reacts in a different way in the face of unfortunate events, and for many people it is easy to manage stress, which is the normal reaction, without any damage to the body.

Palanca Awards Essay

The Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for publications (Palanca Awards) was established in 1950. The heirs of Don Carlos Palanca, Sr. found it most fitting to commemorate his memory through an elbow grease that would promote education and culture in the country. The Palanca Awards aims to help develop Philippine Literature by 1. Providing incentives for writers to craft their most outstanding literary works. 2. Being a treasury of the Philippines literary gems from our gifted writers and to assist in its eventual dissemination to our people, particularly the students.62 years ago, the Palanca Awards called on Filipino fictionists to rove their best short story in either English or Filipino. Today, the Awards continues to challenge writers to pour out their creativity in various literary genres. Instituted in 1995, the Palanca Hall of Fame award is presented to a Palanca awardee who has achieved the distinction of winning five starting line prizes in the regular categories. TheKabata an Award of Distinction gives recognition to a Palanca awardee who wins four first prizes in this division.The Palanca Awards continues to pursue avenues that help share these literary gems with the rest of the countrymen, to whom Filipino books ultimately belongs. These winning works are continuously made amicable to students, and all researchers and lovers of literature through the Carlos Palanca Foundation (CPF) library. Adding dimension to the Palanca Awards mission of encouraging excellence in literary writing, CPF is supporting a scholarship program for fanciful writing.The Foundation also seeks to foster the unbounded imagination and creative spirit of the Filipino through creative writing workshops and readings of award-winning works. Born from a bare(a) dream made 62 years ago to help develop Philippine literature, the foundation holds steadfast to its mission of providing nourishment for the national spirit. Is not a secret that many Filipinos are unfamiliar with Phili ppine literature especially those written long before the Spanish arrived in our country. This is due to the fact that the stories of antediluvian patriarch time were not written, but rather passed on from generation to generation through word of mouth.Only in 1521 did the Filipinos become to be acquainted with literature due to the influence of the Spaniards on us. But the literature that the Filipinos became acquainted with are not Filipino made, rather, they were works of Spanish authors. The rise of nationalistic pride in the 1960s and 1970s also helped bring about this change of attitude among a new breed of Filipinos concerned about the Filipino identity. The 1960s were, summarily, a period when writers seriously grappled with problems of art.The early 1970s saw a proliferation of politically motivated or committed writing and protest literature. Short-story writers became more conscious of the political milieu and of social issues in the wake of the increased activism all over the world and right in their country, especially during the troubled days of a irresponsible government. Some of the more recent fiction writers include Paulino Lim, Alfred Yuson, Jose Dalisay, Mario Eric Gamalinda, and Cristina P. Hidalgo. Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature, the countrys most prestigious and longest-running literary contest.The Palanca Awards or Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature are literary awards of the Philippines. The Manila Standard called it the Pulitzer Prize of the Philippines. 1 It is one of the Philippines most long-running award giving bodies. 2 Historyedit The Palanca Awards was established in 1950 to inspire Filipino writers to improve their literary works. 3 In the 1960s the Palanca Awards Committee started to fund the publication of Palanca plays and production fund were committed on 1975. 4 In 2009, it added a category for Poetry for children in both Filipino and English.2 Winning is tough, and for many writers, it g oes beyond the cash prize. Winning means a validation of their work, and for some, it means a step toward joining the ranks of the countrys literati. It was to honor the legacy of Don Carlos Palanca, Sr. that the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was established in 1950 and the first award was given in 1951. Through this annual literary contest, the family and heirs of Carlos Palanca sought to keep his name alive, along with his legacy of discipline and perseverance, and to enrich the nations cultural heritage.

Waterfront Revitalization and Cities

Waterfronts beingness competitory by regenerating the cities .If merely it were that simpleOutlineIntroductionWhat is waterfront revival?BodyPurpose of waterfront revivalAdvantages of waterfront fightDisadvantages of waterfront fightDecisionCould Lebanese waterfronts come to a point to overtake in the serviceman-wide map of competitory waterfronts?IntroductionWhat is waterfront revival?Water was an of im expression natural resource in the growing of early colonies. By holding assort characteristics -a defence component, a beginning for agricultural production and trade, a agency for transit and industrial uses- H2O offered many advantages for metropoliss. Therefore, locations that existed on waters b parades, specially natural and protective seaports, became favourable sites for the foundation of ancient metropoliss. So, contrary to modern-day status, throughout the history, there was a close and incorporate water-city relation.The Waterfrontis the country of a town or a metro polis aboard a organic structure of H2O, normally waterfronts are meant to be the image of the city..Waterfront revival has been the closely singular urban development effort in the universe during the last two decennaries. Bruttomesso defines waterfront revival as a genuine urban revolution . ( Bruttomesso 1993, 10 ) Waterfronts had experienced the most extremist urban revival of twentieth century metropoliss by holding transmutation in their physical layout, map, usage and societal form. As most of the worlds large metropolis centres are located on waters border, revival of waterfronts referred to downtown development.Waterfront revival emerges by and large in port metropoliss sing station industrial or post war reapages, where the disused industrial and commercial infinites and installations on the waterfront undergo renovation into new mixed-use office and residential composites, and attach toing upscale retail services, leisure countries, and public comfortss.Sometimes the re novation involves gentrification and the transmutation of huge standing blue-collar zones into in-between and upper income enclaves, occupied by a mix of occupant professionals and tourers.BodyAs stated by Short, What sells the metropolis is the image of the city. ( Short 1996, 431 ) One of the grounds a metropolis should be better is to heighten its image.City publicity and metropolis stigmatizationAbout every metropolis now has a series of promotional booklets, postings and other cultural merchandises pass oning selective images of the metropolis as an attractive, hospitable and vivacious international metropolis in which to populate and work In fact, metropolis publicity has a long history as one of the basic tools to pull people and money, such as visitants, immigrants, houses and new investing, to metropoliss for economic development intents.Physical redevelopment and flagship developmentsPhysical environment provides the concrete footing of metropolis attraction. It non mer ely provides the basic functionality of a metropolis but besides gives it character. Superb physical environment is in itself an of effect component in attraction, while physical decay and derelict land patch out badly damaging effects on it. In add-on, physical environment is expected to funan of import function in metropolis selling by supplying a material look to the metropolis images that metropolis stigmatization efforts to make. For illustration, the image of a metropolis as a vibrant and cosmopolitan topographic point that metropolis stigmatization is seeking to present can be realized in the physical signifier of the edifices and public topographic points that visitants encounter in the metropolis.Culture-led and event-driven urban regenerationAlthough cultural elements were sometimes included in public urban intercession, they have by and large been adopted basically as a public assistance service, in which the chief concern was to supply wider societal groups with entr ee to an nice and cultural heritage, and chances to show themselves in the society, they are regarded as an effectual tool to hike urban touristry, which generates disbursement and creates occupations, in the hope that a significant skeleton of occupations would be created indirectly by cultural investing in the signifier of occupations that serve visitants and audiences in eating houses, stores and hotels.Another ground is the widely-perceived potency of cultural elements in heightening metropolis image and attraction. In fact, in many successful instances where considerable sweetening and betterment of metropolis image were achieved, alleged culture-led policies were a primal characteristic in the schemes. Behind this was a widely-shared premise that civilization possesses a strong pulling power over highly-skilled and originative workers, and that efforts to carry these people to turn up in certain metropoliss will be aided if they are associated with humanistic disciplines, c ivilization and amusement. Cultural substructure, such as theaters, museums, and galleries, acts as a knock-down(a) magnet for originative people by offering attractive lifestyle chances.In add-on to refashioning the urban image, revival of urban waterfronts is besides of import in the economic growing of metropoliss. This would set the metropolis on the world-wide competitory metropoliss map.But this does non come free from disadvantagesThough the cultural substructure is an indispensable key, some metropoliss destroy up by losing their historical individualities by over viing. Plus, an overly commercial-tourist maps could be besides an issue domination of these maps over residential and productive 1s are an of import hazard. Because, these countries are normally used a few hours a twenty-four hours and in the weekends. While about the undertaking country is done planning, in order to supply long term usage of this country should be besides added residential usage as an excess c ommercial-tourist. Plus the existent estate prop value will increase dramatically which makes it impossible for low income individuals to polish off part in the metropolis and this would take to more societal classs segregation.DecisionCould Lebanese waterfronts come to a point to fall in the world-wide map of competitory waterfronts? And to what extensions?The Lebanese waterfront has started to fall in the world-wide map of competitory metropoliss, particularly the metropolis of capital of Lebanon where the solidere planning of the metropolis, started to determine it with a new individuality and new ends though the tests to restitute and to reconstruct parts of the architectural linguistic communication of the national metropolis, the new waterfront aka the zaytoouna bay undertaking is presented as a new metropolis in Beirut, besides that a assorted sum of skyscrapers hitting the sky of Beirut which are someway different from its history, some of the old historical memorials are to be demolished and new edifice are to immerge.In my sentiment, metropoliss have to take for world-wide fight but on the other side, a metropolis should besides keep its historical face which besides helps in advancing the image of the metropolis. To be world-wide competitory, a metropolis must non wipe out its yesteryear and merely program futuristic and technologically powerful metropoliss, the history of metropolis along with it being modern-day can besides hike its economic system and take it to the fight.MentionsDalla Longa, R. ( 2010 ) .Globalization and urban Implosion Creating New Competitive Advantage. Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York.Krugman, P ( 1997 ) .Pop internationalism.The hand imperativeness, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England.Sakr, E ( 2012 ) .Waterfront City undertaking promises to make more occupations. Daily star ( 2012 ) retrieved on 4/5/2014 fromhypertext transfer protocol //www.dailystar.com.lb/Business/Lebanon/2012/Feb-09/162704-waterfr ont-city-project-promises-to-create-more-jobs.ashx ixzz2y0NW1lLPGiovinazzi, O. & A Moretti, M. ( 2010) .Port Cities and Urban Waterfront Transformations and Opportunities. TeMALab Journal,Retrieved on 05/05/2014 fromwww.tema.unina.it ISSN 1970-9870 Vol 3 SP March ( 57 64 )

Microeconomics Externalities, Market Power Assignment

Introductory* Micro*economics 316-102 *Sem 1*,2010 Assignment 2 Genevieve Blanch QUESTION 1. Externalities in this situation exist where the G overnment, hoidenish or Private Organisation decides to launch a new satellite causation bes and benefits to other members of society which do not impact on the G,C or PO. Such externalities include NEGATIVE (Costs to other members of society) Hazard to the useful plowing satellites that surround Earth. Threat to our dependence for communications, broadcasting and surveillance. Debris from one opposition ca use a second, which creates still more debris and collisions.A accessiblely optimal let oncomes evanesces when then the hearty maximal benefit equals social b be(a) represent meaning the surplus to society is maximized. At the same time in effect(p) market equilibrium is needed where the private marginal benefit (PMB) equals Private marginal cost (PMC). clear rip mickle stress except run along SMC=PMC go outline pluckline SMB=PMB Q* For each active satellite a certain amount of debris is released into space. Because the debris is a hazard to other working satellites it is considered a negative externality.Due to this negative externality in production, the social cost (SMC) of producing active satellites exceeds the private cost (PMC). This means the socially desirable turn of events of active satellites, Q optimum, is smaller than the equilibrium step Q* (As seen below). Graph Debris and the social optimum retireline * drawline * SMC drawline drawline * * impairment of satellites. drawline (Demand) PMC * drawline drawline * Optimum drawline (Supply) PMB=SMB drawline Q optimum* *Q * * *Q=No. of satellites launchedWe could conclude from the article that the socially optimal outcome is not world achieved due to the negative externalities. b) The article suggests as solution*s* to achieve socially optimal amou*nt of space debris* to Create International civil satellite-awareness formation. Countri es should comply with international guidelines to minimize the amount of debris created by launches A moratorium on debris-creating anti-satellite tests Satellite launchers buying insurance. By agreeing to the policies the main aim would be to assign the externality.Meaning the satellite producers taking into account the social cost and benefits of their decisions. The first policy would work by increasing the awareness of the problem of debris in space and indeed giving an inducing for producers to think twice on a moral level before producing the satellites. If this worked the PMC would decrease in measuring to meet the optimum at SMC. The second policy would work by authoritiess implementing a task which ordain equate PMC and SMC. By putting a taxation on a certain amount of debris released through launches the SMC is forced to meet PMC, and has low cost to society.This tax should give producers of active satellites and the launches an economic incentive to reduce the amo unt of debris cosmos released into space. Another option from the second policy would be to regulate the meter of satellites existence launched or to regulate the quantity of debris being released. This could involve the government telling the producers of satellites to reduce the quantity of satellites launches or debris being released. The third policy would work by the government placing a ban on all anti-satellite tests which are heavy releasers of debris.Banning one type of satellite would reduce the overall amount of satellites launched cause the PMC to ascend the social optimum. The fourth policy would works by the insurance acting like a tax. Buying insurance acts like a tax that exit profit PMC to social optimum. . c) The free rider problem The free rider problem in the article is where the orbit is open to anyone with a launch-rocket handy, therefore some countries may improve their own well being by bearing the costs of wellbeing while leaving other countries to pay for the debris, and causing those bearing the costs to reap the benefits.The free rider problem comes from the fact that a public good is non-excludable. Its when decision makers own well being whoremonger be improved by making others pay for the good. Satellite launches are public goods because they are neither excludable nor rivalrous in consumption. People laughingstocknot be prevented from using a satellite launcher and one persons use does not reduce another persons use of it. Solutions Government supplies satellite launches. The government takes over as supplier of satellite launches.They must calculate the SMB and SMC deciding on an efficient quantity, keeping in mind the willingness to pay of satellite launch consumers. Then, using the Lindahl tax the government could finance provision of the satellite launchers by asking consumers with higher revenue to pay more. This means that consumers share of the Social marginal benefit is multiply by the cost of the launcher. (S MB x Cost=Lindahl tax). The government provides increased incentive to supply clean satellite launchers by assigning property rights. Involves assigning will power of launchers to certain suppliers who can charge other consumers for using the launchers.QUESTION 2 Relative importance of hardened costs and variable costs in the sell grocery industry? A key part of knowing how much to produce to be gainable comes from how the costs will vary with the level of production. In a large scale firm like coles and Woolworths, it is necessary to produce large quantities. The average fixed costs will decrease as the quantity produced increases. Eg. Say we are looking at labour as a fixed cost. As volume of foods produced increases, there is a diminishing marginal cost of labour as the increase in total cost that a deck ups from extra units of food produced is gradually getting smaller.If both variable costs and average costs are kept to a minimum the total cost will be most profitable. By k eeping the fixed costs pot using methods of productivity improvement such as electronic self service, the Average fixed cost will be at a minimum causing the average total cost to be at a minimum therefore cost saving. Variable costs are inevitably going to rise with the increase in quantity of changes, however with the total revenue should still outweigh the total costs if the fixed costs are kept at a minimum and the sales volume kept high. drawline ATC AVC AFC drawline Small quantity Large quantityWhy building of costs in retail grocery industry is important for understanding the profitability of firms? For large scale companies like Coles and Woolworths to be profitable the amount of fixed costs needs to balance with the sales volume. These companies are forever trying to maximize their profits a good strategy to do this is by guidance on cost savings rather than cutting costs. By cost saving, the retail grocers will invest to gain productivity, therefore becoming more effic ient and offering the customers more. Eventually in the cycle sales growth increases therefore expanding the profitability.Investing to gain productivity will bring the fixed costs down in the long run and as a result produce a smart distribution chain. If Coles/woolworths has a high fixed cost and the sale volume is decreasing, the companys profitability will be difficult to maintain hence a high fixed cost must run through large sales volume. QUESTION 3 a) Why private schools would urgency to increase school presents in response to an increase in teacher *saleries*? If we take in that subscribe for private school watchs the same but the schools costs increase we can examine what will happen to profit using MB/MC rule. drawline drawline drawline drawline $ MC $ MC drawline drawline drawline drawcustom-shape drawline drawcustom-shape drawline drawline Price * ATC* ATC drawline * * D drawline ATC D MR drawline drawline MR q q No increase in teacher salaries Increase in teacher salaries Profit equals the Price minus average total cost X the quantity. If the teachers salaries increase, this will cause the Average total cost(ATC) to increase causing the firms overall costs to increase.Therefore the profit being derived from the Price minus the newly high ATC multiplied by the quantity the total profit, will result in the school receiving less profit. By increasing the price of school fees, the increase in costs is equalised by the increase in price, therefore, with a higher price, the profit of the school will remain the same. With the impact of the economic downturn tempering fee rises Here we assume the demand will change with the impact of the economic downturn however we will assume that costs remain the same.The economic downturn will cause an inward shift in the demand curve as there is a decline in demand for private school education. The Marginal revenue will shift with the demand curve as a decrease in demand also results in a decrease in marginal r evenue. Therefore, this shift in demand will cause the price of Private civilize fees to decrease drawline drawline drawline $ MC drawline drawline drawline drawcustom-shape drawline drawline Price drawline ATC * D1* drawline ATC D2 drawline MR q QUESTION 4 Main explanations for wherefore market power of the big four banks in Australia has* increased? *Reduction in competition. * In a more competitive situation, which we hope will occur again soon, competition between the big 4 banks, smaller banks and their customers is consistent causing the prices to be competitive and the market power at a conjectural medium level. The big 4 banks have recently been less of a threat to each other mainly due to the financial crisis taking out the non-bank lenders for housing which means the larger banks have more necessity.And by taking over two smaller banks, they have reduced the smaller competition. The necessity of the banks and wish of smaller bank competition means the market power for the big four increases. *More constraint. * People are keeping with their current banks due to being high-priced and time-consuming to shift loans and bank accounts between the big four. This financial burden holds them to their banks taking the power away from the consumers and giving the banks control over market prices. Explain how the banks greater market power allows them to raise their rate of profit.Reduction in competition means that if the banks increase their prices, such as the variable mortgage rate (0. 2 percentage bucks) they will not lose customers. Because of the lack in competition the banks have heightened their market power to the point where the banks can increase their prices(mark up), without impacting on their customers. Thus, the quantity demanded for banks responds little to the price deeming it relatively price inelastic. With higher prices, the Price minus the ATC will be higher therefore raising their profit.More constraint means that other firms are le ss price competitive because their customers will be unlikely to switch banks due to it being expensive and time consuming to shift loans and bank accounts. The constraint to banks causes the consumer demand to become very price inelastic, this is because an increase in price would not sternly impact on the demand to switch to another bank because of the cost in doing so. PART 2 Why are Melbourne University Colleges significantly more expensive than other colleges when they offer similar *services? The on campus catered residential housing, otherwise known as colleges prove to show some vast discordences in fee pricing. When comparing ANUs colleges to the University of Melbournes, Melbourne proved to have significantly higher fees. To attend a Melbourne University College as an undergraduate the prices range from $18,200 to $21,051 over the year1 which can be to a $505. 55 to $584. 84 weekly fee1. At an ANU college the undergraduate weekly fee is from $297. 50(Ursula Hall) to $30 5 (Burgmann College)2.Considering they both offer similar services, food, bedrooms, amenities, gym, library, on campus, tutorial services, social and sporting events we can look to the market forces of demand and supply, as well as elasticity for an economic explanation. DEMAND The Melbourne University colleges to some(prenominal) students about to begin university are considered an essential to forming upstanding relationships as well as giving extra support academically (especially being in a whole new academic system). They offer many services from full food and board to a gym and intercollege sporting events.College is commonly referred to as the best years of your life and so many want to experience it. Most students come from regional areas and some from foreign countries, these students have the necessity to find accommodation in Melbourne so college responds to this need. Putting these aspects together we can understand why there in an increase in demand for a impersonate at a Melbourne University College (see below). drawline drawline drawline drawline P S drawline drawline drawline P*2 drawline drawline P* drawline D1 D2 Q? Q2 QConsequently an increase in demand for Melbourne Uni College results in an increase in price/fees and an increase in the quantity of places demanded. ANU Colleges offering the same or similar services and opportunities as Melbourne Uni also has a high demand to get into college, however they differ in the number of places available and the elasticity. BOTTLENECK Despite the heavy demand for a place at college there are a limited number of places available. With more people willing to get in than places, a bottleneck is placed on supply and increases the prices (similar to a firm with monopoly power).This can be represent like a quota, with the quota as the restriction on available accommodation. *Accommodation at Melbourne Uni* Colleges drawline drawline drawline P drawline S drawcustom-shape drawline drawline P Quota Melb Uni drawline drawline P*ANU drawcustom-shape drawline D drawline drawline Q*ANU Q Q Quota, Melb uni. At ANU, there is a guarantee that all interstate or regional students will be given accommodation, so the restriction on accommodation doesnt exist hence the price being lower than Melbourne Uni.Also, the price of domain of a function in Parkville, close to the city in the heart of Melbourne automatically means the price of land will be ELASTICITY The Melbourne University Colleges in some cases are filled by privileged students who come from high income families whose parents consider college a necessity, are willing to support them in college despite large fees. Other students work to be able to support themselves, both categories are relatively unaffected by the price. This means there is an inelastic demand for Melb Uni colleges.The quantity demanded of a place at Melb Uni Colleges does not respond hugely to the increase in college fees. Hence, the colleges can increase their pr ices and the demand will not be effected. Conversely, at ANU, despite the demand still being rather inelastic, it is more elastic than Melbourne Uni Colleges. ANU has a wider socio economic intake, spreading wider than Melb Uni from high income families to low income families so the quantity demanded in their colleges will more likely be swayed by pricing. Hence it is more important to maintain a competitive and lower price. drawline drawline drawline drawline drawline drawline drawline drawline drawline drawline P2 P1 drawline drawline drawline D(UM) D (ANU) drawcustom-shape drawcustom-shape Q2 Q1Q1Q2 REFERENCES http//www. colleges. unimelb. edu. au/assets/uploads/Comparative-Costs-2010. pdf University of Melbourne, ICC (2010). _Comparative Costs. _ http//accom. anu. edu. au/UAS/2340/version/1/part/4/data/ANU%20Hall%20and%20College%20Fee%20Summary%202010%20v5. pdf? branch=main&language=default Australian National University, 2010. ANU Hall and fee summary.

Max Weber’s Bureaucracy

In his article entitled Bureaucracy, Max Weber considers the structure of spotlights and management of constitutions both popular and private. He tries to construct a stereotype of these organizations through the use of a set of characteristics that he deems should be possessed by such groups. Furthermore, he likewise ventures his discussion into the characteristics of a bureaucratic functionary. The official to be thought of as bureaucratic thus should qualify these set of characteristics.A person possessing such characteristics is then judged as qualified and appropriate in confidence. However, if dispossessed of these characteristics, he is not fit for such positions in office. In expressing these ideas and concepts of bureaucracy, Max Weber attempts to impart the significance of office management in organizations. Therefore organizations, if not adopt Webers principles, should create their own set of attributes for each office in their circle to nonplus the organization f unction well. Weber introduces six important characteristics of a functional bureaucracy.First, he requires that organizations have a fixed set of rules for each governing stadium or portion of the organization (cited in Shafritz, 2005). Each organization should have different sections with a permanent and defined scope of judicature and duties. Second, there exists in the organization a certain hierarchy of officials wherein graded officials ar supervised by higher officials although supervising persons have no absolute power on subordinate officials. Third, the organization should have documentation of its progress and activities through written files.Fourth, officials should have a valid and qualified training to be appropriate for each office. Fifth, although the official has a limited tenure, he is expected to give his best and complete effort for the organization. Last, the set of rules and regulations could be learned by all officials (cited in Shafritz, 2005). anyway th ese characteristics, Weber also proposes that upon abiding all these characteristics, the position of an official becomes a vocation and that it possesses certain duties, responsibilities, rights and privileges including social security (cited in Shafritz, 2005).The concepts imparted by Weber are of great importance especially to organizational management. Through these characteristics introduced by Weber, the individual seeking to construct an organization could model a serviceable structure of governance and management. Furthermore, it is also helpful to people who wants to restructure the framework of their organization. It is interesting to note that the author explains his thoughts in a very effective and comprehensive technique through the use of comparison.He compares his image of a bureaucratic organization with those organizations of ancient history including patrimonialism (cited in Shafritz, 2005). Through this effort, the author convincingly illustrates the advantages o f bureaucracy without even explicitly stating them. As a whole, the concept of bureaucracy was very impressive since it offers an efficient structure of organizational management. Furthermore, Webers explanation of principles both in public office and private economic organizations makes it more even appealing.Nevertheless, readers would also wiz an sublime concept of bureaucracy that eventually will make them wonder if such ideal principles are actually realistic in nature. Yet again, in real world organizations, these principles are useful and applicable applicable in a sense that, bureaucratic organizations should really have a set of rules and duties as well as rights and privileges for officials. Webers bureaucracy is a typical yet practical structural model of bureaucratic organizations.Its significance lies in its extensive application for budding organizations and reformation of existing organizations. In the real world, useful tips such as these should be taken into accou nt in creating positions in office. By doing so, the organization becomes more systematized and effective. Thus, generating a clear set of goals and a straightforward means of achieving these goals which is what an organization is all about. Reference Shafritz, J. Ott, J. S. & Jang, Y. S. (2005). Organization Theory. 6th Ed. USA Cengage Learning.

Relationship between Psychological Properties and Physical Properties According to Physicalism Essay

Physicalism refers to a stand by some philosophers that all(prenominal)thing in the domain of a function is visible. Physicalism in some cases is referred to as materialism, where everything is viewed to thrust natural properties. With respect to philosophy, Physicalism is the ontological point of view that there is nothing above and over the material. Physicalists view the nature or the demesne as one and believe that everything including object has physiologic properties and thus it is physical. In the attempt to prove their view of the domain of a function, Physicalists has come up with diverse explanation to toy extinct the dealingship that exists between different aspects of nature including psychological states and properties.To understand the relationship between physical properties and mental properties, realization, reductive and supervenience humors have been used by the physicalists. However, critics argue that physicalism is a false view of nature. This res earch paper will seek to determine the relationship that exists between psychological states or properties and physical properties according to Physicalism. In addition, the paper will bring into light reasons behind this relationship.Relationship between psychological properties and physical properties according to PhysicalismIn the attempt to bring come in the relationship between the physical properties and psychological properties, philosophers such as Lewis used supervenience approach. This approach is simply establish on meta-ethics and indicates that physical properties and mental properties are tight relate due to the fact that psychological properties are part of the physical properties (Daniel, 2010). In other words, philosophers assert that psychological properties such as thinking are en meand by physical properties. To make the argument true, philosophers such as Lewis give an example where he refers dots on a picture as physical properties and claims that the pic ture is like the global features or the world. The same way he affirms that psychological properties and other properties including biological properties are like dots on the global features. Supervenience idea of the explaining physicalism asserts that psychological properties are nothing but simply physical properties (Kim, 2008).Psychological or mental properties such as pain are viewed as physical according to physicalists as they believe that the physical aspect of pain is casually closed by the major physical properties. According to Kim, (2008), supervenience tries to bring divulge the identical aspect between the physical properties and psychological properties. The fact that psychological or mental properties are part of physical properties indicates similarity according to the physicalists (Daniel, 2010). This is specially supported by the world-wide view of physicalism that the world is a single stuff. According to the physicalists, mental or psychological properties are dependant to physical properties and thus there can not be physical difference without psychological difference. Simply, psychological properties supervene on material properties and thus they are only when but the same thing.According to Physicalism, physical properties can be reduced to mental or psychological properties. The notion of reductive by the physicalism brings out the relationship between mental properties and physical properties (Kim, 2008). Essentially, physicalists use reductive idea to ascertain their idea that the world is made of a single stuff that is physical properties only. Physicalism philosophers affirms that there is a close relationship between physical properties and psychological or mental properties detailly basing their argument that mental properties are small components of physical properties and thus are physical properties. Realization theory is another approach used by the physicalism to bring out possible relations between psychological or mental properties and physical properties (Daniel, 2010). Based on this theory, all psychological properties can be realized through a particular physical basis (Kim, 2008).In a philosophical perspective, physicalists argue that all physical properties or predicates can be traced or are definable in physical language. This implies that there is a close relation between the two and according to physicalism they are inseparable (Daniel, 2010). Physicalists affirms that the fact that physical properties can be reduced to mental or psychological properties implies that the two are identical and simply has a close relationship.Physicalism believes that everything inside the world has physical properties and the world itself is a physical thing in its own nature. The developed reasonableness from this argument is that everything considered as physical thing has its own physical properties which in humans has its own psychological properties. This claim can be explained further by appli cation of ontological perspective which involves both methodological and epistemological corollaries. According to the Physicalists, every object in the world is composed of different material which in reality encompasses different physical properties (Kim, 2011). Therefore, physical properties exhibit different properties such as mass, shape volume, energy, temperature and volume among others. In reference to the reductive physicalism, objects with high levels of properties are more reducible hence there is a high chance that they have physical properties. Jackson (2002) affirms that physicalism is more dependent on philosophical position which presents a myth that everything that exists in the earth has physical properties. From this explanation the understanding developed is that physicalism is closely associated with philosophy of mind which extensively believes that mind is a physical object which can be viewed at different perspectives (Kim, 2011).In reference to physical sci ence point of view, physicalism includes bigger notations as opposed to just matter, space energy and time. The mind being in a form of a physical world, it is closely associated with non reductive physicalism. Fodor in his own research argues that physicalism is dependent will all genuine items which can be referred to either identical or are dependent upon other physical properties (Clarke, 2003). In order to accept these believe of physicalism, it vital to understand how it is related with mind dualism rejection. According to Fodor, mentalism is the best alternative of the dualism. Basically, physicalism believes that the concept of the consciousness is entirely dependent of the physical properties (Clarke, 2003). The state of the mind is a functional that exists in a given system. In relation to the theory of functionalism, brain is extensively believed to be a just biological implementation in a given system. The general understanding it, that the brain has capacity to recogniz e any change in mental status. Dualism theory is quite different from physicalism because it argues that consciousness is not related to the physical.According to Savellos and Yalcin, (1995), panpsychism theory explains that all items which contain aspects of reality within themselves have psychological properties in additional to their physical properties. Critics argue that hardcore physicalists are more concerned to investigate the structure of the outer world in the bid of trying to understand the build relationship between the physical properties and psychological properties. Ultimately, the physical properties and mental are two distinctive area but they are contingently connected with each other. Philosophically, mind is believed to be dependent on the physical properties. Therefore, based with the explanation of the physicalism the empirical world is composed of all properties or entities which have effects of causes. Notably, both mental facts and physical have a close rela tionship with physicalism in relation to mental effects and causes. According to many physicalists the world in general is a physical hence everything in it have its own physical properties. When reviewing the world at a supervenience base, it helps to reflect the general thinking of the physicalists. This implies that the relationship between of fundamental physical properties and psychological properties are closely dependent on each other as per the explanation of Physicalism (Clarke, 2003). The two features have the common bond of metaphysics because they are depending on certain established physical facts.Conclusion From the above discussion, it is evident that Physicalism extensively refers to a developed understanding by some philosophers who believe that everything in the world is physical hence have its own physical properties. In addition, Physicalism can also be referred to as materialism, where everything is viewed to have physical properties. Psychological or menta l properties such as pain are viewed as physical according to physicalists as they believe that the physical aspect of pain is casually closed by the major physical properties. Therefore, this is an indication that the state of the mind is a functional that exists in a given system.ReferencesClarke, R. (2003). Libertarian accounts of free will. Oxford u.a. Oxford University Press.Daniel .S. (2010). Physicalism, New Problems of Philosophy. RoutledgeJackson, F. (2002). Mind, Method and Conditionals Selected Papers. Routledge, 2002Kim, J. (2008). Physicalism, or Something Near Enough. Princeton Princeton University Press.Kim, J. (2011). Philosophy of Mind. ReadHowYouWant.com, Limited, 2011Savellos, E. E., & Yalcin, U. D. (1995). Supervenience New essays. Cambridge England Cambridge University Press.Source document

Moral psychology Essay

In the first lecture I seduce tested to explain you the concept of Business Ethics, its importance in the organization, and arguments against its implementation. Along with that we did a sm every last(predicate) activity so as to make everything clear. In this lecture I shall talk about exampleity and good standards. Points to be covered in this lecture Meaning and characteristics of morality Meaning and origin of moral standards MORALITY What do you actually mean by morality? lessonity can be explained in all these elbow roomsMorality can be defined as the standards that an soul or a group has about what is right and wrong, or good and monstrous. Moral quality or character rightness or wrongness, as of an action the character of being in accord with the principles or standards of right conduct. Not imposed from outside, but innate and can even be unconscious. We have a fundamental urge to connect. Ultimately, its our moral qualities that force us to live in harmony with the u nconscious doing so is the highest form of morality.Morality is person the morality of a group decreases as its size increases. Morality is an informal public musical arrangement applying to all rational persons, governing behavior that affects others, and has the lessening of evil or harm as its mark. Morality is a complex of concepts and philosophical beliefs by which an individual determines whether his or her actions are right or wrong. Often, these concepts and beliefs are conclude and codified in a culture or group, and thus serve to regulate the behavior of its members.Conformity to such codification is called morality, and the group may count on on widespread conformity to such codes for its continued existence. A moral may refer to a particular principle, usually as informal and oecumenical summary of a moral principle, as applied in a given human situation. Characteristics Of Morality To say that morality is a public system incorporates the essential feature that eve ryone who is subject to moral judgment knows what kinds of actions it prohibits, requires, discourages, encourages, and allows. It also guarantees that it is never irrational to act virtuously.It would take considerably much space than is appropriate present to show that defining morality as a public system that applies to all rational persons also results in morality being a usual guide to behavior that all rational persons would put forward for governing the behavior of all moral agents. I should make clear that the claim that all rational persons would put forward this system only follows if limitations are put on the beliefs that rational persons can use and if they are attempting to reach agreement with alike limited rational persons.To say that morality is an informal system means that it has no authoritative judges and finding procedures that propose unique answers to all moral questions. When it is important that disagreements be settled, societies use political and leg al systems to supplement morality. These formal systems have the means to provide unique answers, but they do not provide a moral answer to the question. Example An important example of such a moral question is whether, and if so under what conditions, to allow miscarriage.There is go on disagreement about this moral question, even though the legal and political system in the United States has provided fairly clear guidelines about the conditions under which abortion is allowed. Despite this important and controversial issue, morality, like all informal public systems, presupposes overwhelming agreement on most moral questions. No one thinks it is morally justified to cheat, deceive, injure, or kill simply in order to gain sufficient money to take a fantastic vacation.In the vast volume of moral situations, given agreement on the facts, no one disagrees, but for this very reason, these situations are never discussed. Thus, the overwhelming agreement on most moral matters is a goo d dope overlooked. The claim that morality governs behavior that affects others is somewhat controversial. Some have claimed that morality governs behavior that affects only the agent himself/herself. Examples of behavior that supposedly affects only oneself, often include taking recreational drugs, masturbation, and developing ones talents.The final characteristic of morality that it has the lessening of evil or harm as its goal is also somewhat controversial. The Utilitarians talk about producing the greatest good as the goal of morality. However they include the lessening of harm as essential to producing the greatest good and almost all of their examples involve the avoiding or preventing of harm. The paradigm cases of moral precepts involve rules which prohibit causing harm directly or indirectly, such as rules prohibiting killing, causing pain, deceiving, and breaking promises.Even those precepts that require or encourage positive action, such as helping the needy, are almo st always related to preventing or relieving harms. Moral Standards Moral standards include the norms we have about the kinds of actions we believe are morally right and wrong as well as the values we fanny on the kinds of objects we believe are morally good and morally bad. Moral norms can usually be expressed as general rules, ie. Always distinguish the truth. Moral values can usually be expressed as statements describing objects or features of objects, ie. Honesty is good. Origin Of Moral Standards During childhood moral standards are sorb from family, friends and various societal institutions. Later in life experiences, learning and intellectual development help a person in forming these standards. Moral Standards Vs. Non-Moral Standards Moral standards deal with matters, which can seriously injure or seriously benefit human beings while it is not the case with non-moral standards. Examples of non-moral standards include the standards of etiquette by which we judge manners as good or bad, and the standards we call law by which we judge legal right and wrong.Moral standards are not formed or changed by the decision of particular authoritative bodies and the validity of these standards lies on the adequacy of the reasons that are taken to support and justify them. If a person has the moral obligation to do something, thusly the person is supposed to do that even if this conflicts with other non-moral values or self-interest. Moral standards does not evaluate standards on the basis of the interests of a particular individual or group, but one that goes beyond personal interests to a universal stand point in which everyones interests are impartially counted as equal.Moral standards are associated with special emotions and a special vocabulary. If a person tells a lie so as to fulfill a purpose and then after he starts feeling guilty or ashamed of his behavior. Points to ponder Till now we have discussed what is ethics, business ethics, morality and moral standards, but students you should always entertain that what is right and moral for you may be wrong and immoral for me or to any other person sitting in the class. In a way we can say that Ethics is a very subjective matter. Ok, tell me one thing that how are you now going to react when you will enamor a person lying in a pool of blood on the road.Are you going to help him or will avoid him because of the awe of Delhi police? Hope now you will start using your conscience and will do what you feel is right and there will be no hiccups before taking any action. Overview Morality can be defined as the standards that an individual or a group has about what is right and wrong, or good and evil. Moral standards include the norms we have about the kinds of actions we believe are morally right and wrong as well as the values we come in on the kinds of objects we believe are morally good and morally bad.Activity Define morality. Discuss some characteristics of morality. http//www. sli deshare. net/birubiru/morality-and-moral-standards Social norms are group-held beliefs about how members should exculpate in a given context Sociologists describe norms as informal understandings that govern societys behaviors, while psychologists have adopted a more general definition, recognizing smaller group units, like a team or an office, may also endorse norms separate or in addition to pagan or societal expectations.

Essay Writing Fashion’s Role in the Construction of Social Identities Essay

Fashion al miens played a big role in refining and personal identifying. It remains the main point in characterizing appearance and affable status of the individual. As a cult, means always was a subject of geticipation on historical, sociological and cultural analysis. People always want to have a distinct way to characterize themselves within their appearance. During all the history of excogitate its role in personal development remains very important and actual. This paper will deal with the concepts and ideas of fashion as an industry and affectionate identity. beginning(a) of all it is a crucial need to define the term social identity.Turner during his research stated, that this is a portion of an individual self-concept which is derived from perceived rank and file in a relevant social multitude. (Turner, 1986). It overly predicts actual social behaviors in the groups according to their status and legitimacy in the intergroup environment (Taijafel, 1979). Regarding f ashion as a symbolic way to express style and cultural identity, it as well makes an impact on opposite levels of the social ladder. Choosing the look and appearance, person visualizes his or her identity. b atomic number 18ly it can be not so concrete and even slushy.That is why quondam(prenominal)s prejudices upon different styles of clothing can generate negative and dramatic views of the society. Teenagers and other social groups have different ways of expressing themselves, and the main reason is to feel unique and belonging to certain areas and groups of beguiles. People, whatevertime interact with objects, in this case get dresseds, as if they are humans, sometimes because they want to show to others what they believe they represent (Adelman, 2008). That is current, that cloth regularizes a lifestyle of a person and visualizes his or her attitudes towards every aspect of the lifestyle.It also gives a reason to stereotype a look with distinct views and ideas. It can even cause a chaos in the society on a very large scale. The materials which are worn and carried on the body are obvious and with these, people create social borders involved in the unstable interaction between the body and the outside world (Joyce, 2005Turner, 1980). According to Crave and Bovone, dressing itself affects and reflects perceptions and attitudes towards self and has distinct characters acting as material objects, due to immediate contact with the body.It also acts as a filter between a person and the whole surrounding of a social world (Crane & Bovone, 2006). Speaking about fashion as a code, it should be regarded as a part of the social processes of discrimination, namely the reproduction of hierarchys position and prestige in a deeply unequal society. (Arvantidou, 2008). Gender identity and its development fully stand on the social constructs of garment and fashion is one of the factors of this cause. Fashion industry sometime is considered as a process of social discrimination and reproduction of hierarchy and prestige in one or another society.Most of teenagers have some difficulties with their own identities. Acting as a part of society, youth tries to dress in the way as the similar crowd does or a group of interests. Some individuals dress in different way to show their uniqueness. Stereotypes and social thinking formulate according to changing fashion and appearance. The body as a changeable scarcely visible outer limit of the self, as it formulates and operates Experience . It interacts with persons actions and external environment of the society. Body, due to fashion, is regarded as a part of natural and intergroup relations.Our appearances and the human body are viewed as a symbol of society and historical period as it is characterized by it. On the example of the young-bearing(prenominal) body it is better seen because of cultural symbols preservation. The traditional costumes, all along human history, showed an appearance as a part of social identifying. In many move of the world, women and men express a national idea and way of thinking. Patterns, garments as well as fabrics always meant especial(a) qualities and features of a nation and country. National costumes changed the way of history, as it changed our way of thinking and our society.Nowadays there is a tendency to globalization. That is why there is no need in self-identification as one nation. eight-fold national costumes, today play only decorative and historical role on festivals and other artistic and cultural events. Nevertheless, mass culture can dictate not only the look of a whole nation but also of an individual in his environment. Body and appearance are regarded as an individual. With a help of garments, jewellery and cosmetics a person can change his or her body and his or her individuality in the mind of other people.As garment is used to blur the boundaries of the body, it can blur some features in personal characteristics (Fish er & Loren, 2003). Every feature has a distinct stereotype and it varies in different counties and interest groups. Garments are not actual fixed elements that play the role of cloth to cover the body of a formed identity. They mostly formulate social identities that are expressed and naturalized in the body. Cloth and style itself characterizes mass way to express themselves as individuals. On the example of Twiggy we can see how social thinking changes towards human Looks and ideals.This icon of style in sixties changed human perception of beauty. She showed another way of expressing an identity and acting as a model. onwards this, models where more feminine and sexy, but she made a first step in a new way of fashion appearance. Since then more and more models have androgenic look that attracts the public eye. Fashion reflects and even predicts concepts and ideas of the society. It is a cultural product with thousands of forms. The look transposes different concepts that are imp lied via the whole body of a person that wears it.It leads to a change of concerns of representation of and individual according to the change of his or her look. Fashion can express hidden personality to make an artificial appearance of the wearer. Cloth differentiates social groups according to their status, position, interests and creeds. To sum up it can be said that fashion has its unique role in formatting social thinking As it leads to changing peoples behaviour. A Person is judged upon the material, jewellery and cosmetics on her or his body. Stereotypes can lead to an individual status improve, but also can make harm.People try to discover themselves as personalities as early as it is possible, to take place in a particular niche of the society. In another way a person can be cut of society because of his or her look. Certain lifestyles and ways of thinking also depend on appearance that is why it is important to observe cloth as a part of social development. You are what y ou wear this quote is true for every aspect of the human life and interactions of social groups. Due to this fact, every person regards him or herself as a part of a society and a part of a distinct environment.

Maricalum Mining Corporation (MMC)

Maricalum Mining Corporation (MMC) in south Negros. Having 2,673 claims on mining in Barangays Cansauro, Hinablan, Tao-angan and Hinablan, of the towns of Cauayan and Sipalay, Negros Occidental. Actually I had gone into the place and had seen the impact of the mining in the people and to its natural habitat. Especially on Sipalay, I saw dead mountains, white ones. Waters sources and the rivers covered with the atomic number 18a are not portable hence the people would go to the lowlands to buy fresh water to drink.Crops productions are cut into halves and the villagers experience skin diseases. drunkenness and many fish kills are reported before. People would always complain about the air taint brought by it causing suspended sandstorms and dust particles. 2. One of the government policies was REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7942 or also known as PHILIPPINE MINING ACT OF 1995. This policy states that the all the private and earthly concern mining land are owned by the state.Therefore the govern ment and other private sectors are responsible to the development, utilization and conservation of the place. Protecting the rights of affected communities and limits the land that are available for mining. Section 7, condition X of the constitution provides that LGU or Local Government Units are responsible to protect and co-manage the environment and to get up the right of the people. Both RA belongs in the EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 79 created by state.

Discrimination Essay

The desire towards improvements and convinces is stimulated by a particular event or scenario. It motivates and inspires us to persevere and change the outcome for the better. For my part, it started in August 2002 when two teenaged transgender teenagers were brutally slay in the District of Columbia. The murders occurred in the Southeast section of DC an argona plagued by random violence, primitive poverty, and often defeated residents. This instigated my passion for service and creating ways to fight for these peoples rights.It is through this that I want to deport my intention to pursue a tier in public interest law. As a DC native, to some extent, Ive been desensitized to violence. Local news stations advertise violence almost hourly. I harken to Breaking News having to do with multiple killings and robberies daily as a marketing tool apply to increase ratings, and ultimately ad revenues. However, this case was the one that strike me the most because of my encounter with the victims a fewer hours before the ensuant. I had acquainted with these people during a popular event.While I made it home safely, I didnt know that the victims were being shot multiple times a terrible massacre and work at the dark streets of Southeast Washington. Realizing the gravity of the issue, I went to AUs GLBTA Resource and convinced the managing director to conduct a campus candle vigil to commemorate the victims. The vigil was attended by over d AU students and residents of the DC Maryland and Virginia areas. The culmination of the event was a speech given by Brett Pearsons DC Police Chief of the Gay and Lesbian Liaison Unit.However, I felt that this action was inadequate to point the issue I needed to be involved more. Also, my research showed that there is an alarming increase in the number of hate crimes happening in Washington D. C. This applies to individuals who identify themselves as Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, & Transgender. Moreover, there is a portentous t rend wherein majority of victims are people of color (b wish or latino), under 30, usually impoverished, and most of these crimes are not investigated as hate crimes. With these I made an important decision in my life I wanted to take law and prosecute people who engage in such actions.With my Juris Doctorate degree I plan to practice law with the sole purpose of eradicating discrimination and violence such as this. Both inside institutions like the US Military who prescribe discrimination through legislative federal government agency and in larger society where discrimination and hate exist as a result of stereotypes, lack of education, and non-exposure. Similarly, I wish to create equal opportunities among workers in the institutional level while at the similar time clamoring for the removal of societal standards that are prejudicial in nature. I can arrive at this by legal work and cases I work into.I believe attorneys can be the engineers of social change if each one is will ing to meet the challenges a fact I am determined to accept. In the future, I wish to participate and be associated with a federal or local government agency service of processing to prosecute criminals who engage in such crimes. Likewise, if possible, I wish to be contributing my efforts for a watchdog organization such the National gay & lesbian task force, Human Rights Campaign, or the ACLU I believe. These institutions are vital in the process of creating accountability and justice among these minorities within American society.Without these types of organizations, there wont be a check and balance in the societal system which can help legitimize the actions of individuals to pursue violent acts of discrimination and prejudice. In the end, with your acceptance, I can be sufficient to put on a difference in society as well as these groups. I know that the incident in DC was no coincidence. It was my calling to be of service to these people. With this degree, I can be able to e xercise the notion that everyone is under the law. I feel that this is my legacy my own imprint in effecting social change.

Managerment

Do you agree with Vims employment response to arguing from software development contractors in India like Wiper that are expanding into IT consulting services? Why or why not? Vims dodge appears oriented around growing the pie. If It can Increase Its products user base by down in the mouther costs, It should be able-bodied to Increase demand for Its consulting services. However, low-cost consulting groups are ready to fill this void. Therefore, IBM depart need to continue Its expansion Into low-cost excavate markets.In Dalton, this expansion will need to embrace low cost markets outside of India. These markets Include Russia, China, Indonesia, and Mexico. Will Vims plan to give away some of Its IT assets and Intellectual post and Increase Its support of open- source software products like Linux be a successful growth strategy In the brutally competitive marketplace in which It operates? Why or why not? IBM has expertness in supporting these applications. By lowering licensing costs or aging the software free, IBM should be able to increase its user base.With a broader user base, the demand for support should grow. The strategy appears logical. Of course, other organizations may sample to meet this demand, but Vims low- cost hollow sources will help ensure its competitiveness. In addition, low-cost labor will help further increase demand for this software, thereby ensuring growth. However, this strategy will take on a whole new twist as the global economy continues o grow and labor costs rise around the world.History also supports Vims growth assumptions. Bill Gates found his BASIC congressman the De facto standard once users found they could easily find free pirated copies. Likewise, the low cost MEMO deals he made for the Windows operating system ensured a user base of over 100 million computers. The computing public values free, high quality software, and many conservative organizations will recognize the MM be as quality assurance. All of this wi ll encourage growth.

Analyzation of a quote from Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Essay

In Things Fall Apart, Achebe focuses on differences in culture and society. In the quote, The world has no end, and what is good among maven people is an abomination with others. Uchendu is discussing with Okonkwo and Obierka the massacre in Abame. I agree with the quotation. Many people have their own ways of doing things and then their actions are criticized by others. A prime example of this is religious groups in the world and all are criticized by one another at some point. A good example of that fueding is the on-going upbraidings between Protestants and Catholics. Being Catholic myself, I can relate to this first-hand. Our beliefs to other religious groups are wrong, an abomination of what is supposed to be done. We also sometimes criticize our brethren in other faiths.The world is always in a constant fight. There is a deeper meaning in this quote and that meaning is that internally, the world will never end its constant criticism and bludgeoning of itself. It keeps going a round in circles, and until one group decides to understand the other, the round of golf will continue. Basically, the beliefs misunderstood by stubborn people who do not want to understand are picked on. The people whose beliefs are in question get angry and these differences are set in motion. And truly, until we all understand each other, universally, this cycle of craziness will certainly never end, making Uchendus statement correct.

Literary Physics

Syllabus dot drive Notes * process information from collateral sources to describe an example of hybridisation within a species and explain the endeavor of this hybridisation Hybridisation two genetically different strains of an organism argon crossed to produce manifestation with desirable characteristics. i. e. cross breeding cattle to produce better meat, which will benefit for human purpose Selective breeding of sheep to produce merino sheep which are hybrids produced by interbreeding other sheep varieties.Interbreeding other varieties of feed to produce the resultant hybrid corn that was hardy and produced large fruit. * describe the process of DNA counterpunch and explain its significance * DNA double helix unwinds * DNA unzips * Nucleotides are added to each single strandDNA replication ensures that the genetic information is maintained. * explain the relationship between proteins and polypeptides A protein is made up of ane or more polypeptides.A polypeptide is ma de up of a chain of many amino acids. * analyse information from secondary sources to outline the evidence that led to Beadle and Tatums adept gene one protein hypothesis and to explain why this was altered to the one gene one polypeptide hypothesis Beadle and Tatum concluded that for each defective enzyme there was one gene on one specific area of a chromosome that had been mutated by irradiation. This led to their one gene-one enzyme theory.The one gene one enzyme hypothesis changed to the one gene one protein hypothesis, once it was demonstrated that there are other proteins besides enzymes that are encoded by genes. Thomas Morgans work led to a greater taking into custody of how genes are arranged on chromosomes and how genetic material can be exchanged (during crossing over) in meiosis. Morgans experiments showed without any doubt that * the gene for eye colour in fruit fly is located on the X chromosome, and * hereditary factors can be exchanged between the X chromosom es of an individual.Morgan experimented with fruit flies (Drosophilia melanogaster) and determined that genes are carried on chromosomes. He used crossing over to determine locations of genes. He detect that sex chromosomes look different to each other, and that eye colour gene in Drosophilia was located on the X chromosome, leading to the discovery of sex linkage. Boveri experimented with sea urchins and showed that a complete set of chromosomes was needed for usual development and that the NUCLEUS of a cadre was concerned with inheritance.He postulated that each chromosome was different, chromosomes were transferred from one generation to the next during cell division, and that chromosomes must carry the many hereditary factors. Sutton he observed during meiosis that chromosomes behaved randomly and gametes receive alone one chromosome from each pair. Distinguish between the terms gene and allele A gene is a section of DNA that codes for proteins that expresses itself as the phenotype for example, two genes for eye colour. An allele is the alternative forms of a gene, i. e. for eye colour, B would code for blue while b for brown.

Handling Discipline in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Handling Discipline in Organizations - Essay ExampleMoreover, it is always best to follow the best devotes which will play a profound role at inculcating the correct spirit in spite of appearance the employees, tell them what exactly is asked of them and what they need to deliver within the specified time periods.The best practice in commitling disciplinary matters within organizations is derived from the basis of avocation the dictum which is followed within the organization as well as the industries which are very closely link with this organization in essence. What this means is that the similar organizations adopt procedures and standards which are enforceable and which have a long-run shelf value. In other words, there is a sense of forthrightness within the organizations when these work hand in hand with the policy debates that are making the relevant rounds. The best practice regimes indeed mannequin the cornerstone of success and achievement within the realms of an or ganization that is aimed at delivering the best possible value to its employees and inquire for strict declaration of the same from their domains as well. This indeed is a two-way hierarchy where each political party benefits the other, and the combined effect is a wholesome basis which comes directly under the aegis of discipline.These best practice discussions are in accordance with the labor laws which are existent within the world. However, there are local connotations attached to these practices as and when these move from one industry to another. Handling discipline is one of the most world-shaking premises in the modern times because it touches quite a few significant tangents, one much(prenominal) being the manner in which the organizations are playing their due role in instilling promulgation of its laws, rules, and policies all of which are in line with the best practice regimes followed worldwide. Then there is the discussion of the ACAS regulation of Practice on Discipline which makes sure that any apprehensions which exist within the realms of discipline are interpreted care of under its aegis.

The Transcendent Legacies of Hinduism and Confucianism Essay

The exceeding Legacies of Hinduism and Confucianism - Essay ExamplePiety in This World 4 Confucianism may, in practice, be an intricate organization of moral, philosophical and social thought but it has long held the status of a religion in china as Hinduism has for hundreds of millions in India and throughout Southeast Asia. For humanityy, the comparison between the two begins and ends there. Hinduism is, after all, a polytheistic religion with thousands of deities in which reincarnation plays a prominent role. Salvation scarcely comes after the understanding is at long last freed from the cycle of birth and death. For adherents of Confucianism, the journey toward perfection happens in life and female genitals be judged based on the extent to which an individual attains strong moral and social development during life. Whereas Hinduism holds the announce of staring(a) reward for the worthy soul, Confucianism teaches that living a life in which whiz military services others holds its own rewards. The brilliant man dirty dog achieve complete self-realization only in his public vocation. It might thus be stated that a commitment to public service even when such service is undoable forms one of the basic criteria distinguishing the Confucian ideal of self-cultivation (Wright, 1959). The other side of this proposition is that society can only be brought into balance when men who have attained a state of self-realization serve the community, in official capacities, as sages (Ibid). Service to ones fellow man is also an beta teaching of Hinduism. The cycle of death and rebirth can be broken and nirvana attained by performing ethically and charitably toward others by seeking wisdom through meditation and by renouncing worldly possessions. Hindus recollect that when a person dies, the moral weight of their actions dictate what becomes of them in...For many, the comparison between the two begins and ends there. Hinduism is, after all, a polytheistic r eligion with thousands of deities in which reincarnation plays a prominent role. Salvation only comes after the soul is at long last freed from the cycle of birth and death. For adherents of Confucianism, the journey toward perfection happens in life and can be judged based on the extent to which an individual attains strong moral and social development during life. Whereas Hinduism holds the promise of eternal reward for the worthy soul, Confucianism teaches that living a life in which one serves others holds its own rewards. The superior man can achieve complete self-realization only in his public vocation. It might indeed be stated that a commitment to public service even when such service is unattainable forms one of the basic criteria distinguishing the Confucian ideal of self-cultivation (Wright, 1959). The other side of this proposition is that society can only be brought into balance when men who have attained a state of self-realization serve the community, in official ca pacities, as sages (Ibid). Service to ones fellow man is also an important tenet of Hinduism. The cycle of death and rebirth can be broken and nirvana attained by acting ethically and charitably toward others by seeking wisdom through meditation and by renouncing worldly possessions. Hindus believe that when a person dies, the moral weight of their actions dictate what becomes of them in their new incarnation.

Marketing Mix Strategy Nuematic Shoppe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Mix Strategy Nuematic Shoppe - Essay ensampleNuematic Shoppe is an Indian come with dealing in distribution of pneumatics, hydraulics, LPG/CNG Gas Kits, Multivalves, Filters, Sealing elements, fittings, anti-vibration mounts. The company is a well up known entity among the Indian industries with an international reputation as the only professional distributors of exclusive pneumatics and other products. apart(predicate) from the above mentioned products, the company is also representing hosts of Indian and international brands like Shubhnorg, Stetters, Zeroil Hunter and Haag Zeissler (www.neumaticshoppe.com) . As the company has right(a) number of customers who place their requirements well in advance, the company is able to cater to the needs in conviction of emergency as it has stocks readily available. The company is powered with over 40 employees in the factory and 20 administrative staff handling the customer orders, queries, requisition and distribution. Though the company was doing well in the market, there were few complaints arising from the customers about the quality of products which resulted in withdrawal of some orders by them. In order to find out the problem as per the marketing mix strategy, all the 7Ps of company are detailed at a lower place1)Product The prodcut or the service is the element which satisfies the clients needs generating two types of relationships with the prospect a functional and a linking one which in turn relates to the products usefulness. The product manufactured by any company has to be in demand by the consumer (Belohlavek, 200815) .

Women Suffrage and Temperenace Movement Research Paper

Wo custody voter turnout and Temperenace Movement - Research Paper ExampleOne of the most contentious turn offs was the issue of abortion. Although women had different reasons for learn and fighting for their rights, the cause was the same liberation of women from male domination and freedom from discrimination in any field of lifeThe International Woman Suffrage movement was established with the aim of granting equal rights to women in all matters. Although the women suffrage movement began in 1848, the Civil War in America overshadowed it. After the war, the issue of Black Suffrage was emphasized, and there were policy differences between the members (Ford, 2009, p.418). The Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was essentially the first popular accumulation of women that was devoted to social reform the basis of which were the principles of Christianity, linking it with secular contemplation and ample term strategies for social reform (Farmer, 1893, p.356). Julia Ward Ho we and Julia Stone were the founders of the American Women Suffrage Movement (AWSA), which also had men as its members.The mainstay of the suffrage movement was the mitigation movement that was established in the United States in 1874 as a Protestant restructuring and modification movement for which the leading and driving element or sop up were the missionaries that were trying to spread the Gospel in non-western and southern countries. Frances Willard was the founder the WCTU, and she recognized the connection between temperance and allowing women to vote, encouraged the women of her union to support and work for womens voting rights. The association, challenges and disagreements between its mission, Christianity and self-control (temperance) posed a predicament for the women on ideological, philosophical, political and practical aspects to change society and also the world. Its supporters dismissed criticism of it being gender biased because of the tremendous number of male

International Finance Course project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

global Finance Course project - Essay ExampleThis write-up will forecast into among an another(prenominal)(prenominal) things, the motivation behind the introduction of the URR, Impact of URR provision on the exchange rate of Siamese baht, impact of URR on Thai monetary markets and finally impact of URR on neighboring financial markets such(prenominal) as Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore and Korea. Motivation behind introducing the URR provision The motivation, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, body politic of Thailand (2008) was the need to disapprove short-term capital inflows. Simply regurgitate, the Unremunerated Reserve Requirement was motivated by the need to discourage commonwealth particularly investors from undertaking short-term investments that only bring about short-term capital inflows. The Deardorffs Glossary of International Economics (2010) notes that short-term capital flows are of post because such capital flows are likely to be very liquid an d therefore easily reversed and sources of instability in exchange markets. This is to say that the Thai government was motivated by the need to ensure that investments undertaken in the country through the countrys banks and other financial institution were going to be long-term and trustworthy for solid future benefits. This is because short-term investments hardly deed over any fruitful benefits for the growth of the countrys economy. Impact of URR provision on the exchange rate of Thai Baht with other major currencies such as US$ and topical anaesthetic currencies The Unremunerated Reserve Requirement is believed to impact on the exchange rate of the Thai Baht by ensuring stability and growth of the currency as against other major currencies. This is because as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand, (2008) notes, the URR will lessen the pressure of Baht speculation instead become instrumental in ensuring the Baht stability and its movement more in line with reg ional currencies. Such stability against major currencies is assured because there would no longer be extreme excitableness of the Thai Baht a situation that causes long term economic instability (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand, 2008). The stability of the currency would also be achieved because the Bank of Thailand will buy up the incoming dollars and other major currencies (Bangkok Post, 2010). As a matter of fact, the growth of the currency of any country is of prime interest to the economic and finance planners of that country. This is because with the growth of a particular countrys currency, investors and business personnels in that country are put in a snap off position to competing in global and international trade without fear of rearing foreign exchange rates. The government on the whole also benefits because it is put in a better position to compete globally and economic growth and stability is assured. For instance with a very permanent currency, th e government is not put in a position where it has to spend so much local currency in a bid to undertake foreign trade because of the weak value of the governments work currency. It is against this background that the government introduced the Unremunerated Reserve Requirement. In two Graphs below represents the monthly exchange rate for the years 2005 when the URR was not in force and 2011 after the URR had been in force. Figure 1 2005 Average Monthly turn Rate for US Dollar Against the Thai Baht from January to